![]() To illustrate the complexity of the problems that have to be overcome for successful brain targeting, a brief intercellular characterization of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is also included. This review intends to detail the recent advances in the field of brain-targeting, rational drug design approach and drug delivery to CNS. Drug abuse: The use of a drug for nonmedical purposes: Stimulant: Drugs that speed up the body's function: Amphetamine: A strong stimulant drug that speeds up the nervous system: Depressant: A drug that slows doen the body's functions and reactions including heart and breathing rates: Narcotic: a drug that relieves pain and dulls the senses. ![]() In response to the insufficiency in conventional delivery mechanisms, aggressive research efforts have recently focused on the development of new strategies to more effectively deliver drug molecules to the CNS. Neurotransmitters send messages between cells in your body to tell the cells how to do their job. By localizing drugs at their desired site of action one can reduce toxicity and increase treatment efficiency. Treating CNS diseases is particularly challenging because a variety of formidable obstacles often impede drug delivery to the brain and spinal cord. The clinical failure of much potentially effective therapeutics is often not due to a lack of drug potency but rather to shortcomings in the method by which the drug is delivered. Despite aggressive research, patients suffering from fatal and/or debilitating central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as brain tumors, HIV encephalopathy, epilepsy, cerebrovascular diseases and neurodegenerative disorders, far outnumber those dying of all types of systemic cancer or heart disease. Amphetamines are synthetic drugs that stimulate activity in the central nervous system through neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine. It is used to treat some medical conditions, but it is also highly addictive, with a history of abuse. ![]() General methods that can enhance drug delivery to the brain are, therefore, of great interest. Amphetamine is a powerful stimulator of the central nervous system. Many existing pharmaceuticals are rendered ineffective in the treatment of cerebral diseases due to our inability to effectively deliver and sustain them within the brain. Unfortunately, the same mechanisms that protect it against intrusive chemicals can also frustrate therapeutic interventions. Stimulants are drugs that stimulate or accelerate up activity in the central nervous system. Stimulants are drugs that are used for a quick, temporary, increase of energy. The brain is a delicate organ, and evolution built very efficient ways to protect it. Stimulants speed up the body processes and the central nervous system (CNS).
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